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"The holiest of
holidays are those
Kept by ourselves in silence and apart;
The secret anniversaries of the heart."
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Valentines
DayValentine's Day falls on February 14, and is the traditional day on which lovers in certain cultures let each other know about their love, commonly by sending Valentine's cards, which are often anonymous. The history of Valentine's day can be traced back to an obscure Catholic Church feast day, said to be in honor of Saint Valentine, are discussed below. The day's associations with romantic love arrived after the High Middle Ages, during which the concept of romantic love was formulated." Source: Wikipedia |
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History
Channel's Valentine Day
Background information on this holiday. |
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Saint Valentine's Day
Wikipedia A detailed history from the online encyclopedia, with links. |
A Brief History
Valentine's Day the one day set aside to express
your love and devotion to
that special someone. We all have elementary
school memories of buying those
boxes of little cards and giving them to our
classmates. Later in life we exchanged candy, gifts and of course
those Valentine cards with humorous, touching, or in some cases cliché
sayings. Where does this tradition have its foundation? Did you know it
was the result of someone losing his head!
The "Valentine" tradition dates to the Roman
Empire. February 14 was a
holiday to honor the queen goddess Juno. She
was the goddess of women and of
marriage. On February 15 the Romans celebrated
the rite of male passage to the god Lupercalia. Teenage girl's names were
placed in a vase. Teenage boys would reach in and withdraw a name. The
two would become companions for one year. At the end of the year another
lottery was performed. This tradition continued for about 800 years until
a series of events dramatically changed this practice.
In 270 AD the unstable Claudius II issued an
edict forbidding marriage.
Somehow in his clouded judgment he felt by
outlawing marriage he could
entice more men into his army. The Bishop
of Interamna, Valentine seeing
the predicament of his followers, married
many surreptitiously. Claudius
upon hearing to this challenge to his edict
ordered Valentine to appear in his court.
Each tried to convert the other to their religion.
It is said that Valentine while in prison fell in love with his jailer's
blind daughter Asterius. (Church tradition has that he miraculously restored
her vision.). His final letter before his death was signed " From your
Valentine". In frustration Claudius had the Bishop clubbed, stoned
and beheaded on February 24, 270. This idea of banning marriage did not
work and the tradition was restored.
In 496 A.D. Pope Gelasius abolished the Feast
of Lupercian and substituted
an alternative practice of putting the names
of saints into the vase. Both
girls and boys were expected to draw names.
They were expected to emulate the lives of the saint for one year. Lupercus
was replaced with St. Valentine and the holiday continued. Needless to
say the young were not really happy about the change but the tradition
became a holy day as the Church's power grew.
But what about the Valentine Card. Where did it come from?
The Romans saw mid February as a time of courtship. The date February 14 became the day for young Roman males to send love letters. This was their way of continuing the Lupercian tradition without upsetting the Church fathers.
The earliest known Valentine card, still in
existence today, lies in the
British Museum in London. It was sent in 1415,
by Charles Duke of Orleans to his wife, while he was imprisoned in
the Tower of London.
The sixteenth century Bishop of Geneva, ordered
the custom of cards stopped and
reinstated the saint's lottery. This failed
and even more ornate cards appeared. At this time Cupid, Venus' (the goddess
of love) son was first used. He was often shown naked with arrows
tipped in a love potion, ready to melt the heart of his intended victim.
The seventeenth century brought the advent
of commercially produced
"mechanical valentine" cards. Handmade
elaborate and fairly large cards, were still around while commercially
produced cards were small and expensive. In 1797 "The Young Man's
Valentine Writer" was produced to help those less creative young Englishmen
write verses to their hearts desire. With the lowering of postal rates
and the introduction of the "mechanical valentines" the idea of mailing
a valentine took hold.
Ester Howland was the first American publisher
of Valentines. By 1870 her
elaborate lace cards could cost up to $35.
One side note with the advent of the mail,
sometimes anonymously, racy
verses became more common. Thus several countries
banned the exchange of
cards. The Chicago Post Office at the end
of the 19th Century rejected some
25,000 cards as obscene.
Flower and confectionery industries began the
practice exchanging candy and
flowers to the one we love.
Who knows what the advent of Email and Virtual Reality will bring to the world of love!