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"The body is the house of God. That is why it is said, "Man know thyself."
Ancient Egyptian Proverb

Mesopotamian Civilizations

"Mesopotamia "land between the rivers" (Aramaic: ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ "Bet Nahrain", Arabic: بلاد الرافدين translit: "Bilad Al-Rafidayn") is a name for the TigrisEuphrates region in the eastern Mediterranean, largely corresponding to Iraq,[1][2][3] as well as northeastern Syria,[2] some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khūzestān Province of southwestern Iran.
Widely considered as the cradle of civilization, Bronze Age Mesopotamia included Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires. In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Neo-Babylonian Empire, and later conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. It mostly remained under Persian rule until the 7th century Islamic conquest of the
Sassanid Empire." Source: Wikipedia
Culture: Language | Mythology | Babylonian literature: Philosophy | Babylonian astronomy | Babylonian mathematics | Ziggurat
Government: Sumerian king list, | List of Kings of Babylon, and Kings of Assyria | Cuneiform law, | Babylonian law, Assyrian law, |  Urukagina, Code of Hammurabi, | Code of Ur-Nammu, | Lipit-Ishtar, and Laws of Eshnunna

Maps

"City-states of the Fertile Crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE"
Click to enlarge to read all the city-states in detail from Wikipedia
"The region of the Fertile Crescent broadly corresponds to present-day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine, Jordan, southeastern Turkey and parts of western Iran. The term "Fertile Crescent" was coined by University of Chicago archaeologist James Henry Breasted in his "Ancient Records of Egypt", around 1900. The region was named so due to its rich soil and crescent shape."
Source: Wikipedia